"I've been in and out of academia ever since I was young."
"I remember starting to read about the Soviet Union when I was eight years old; I think I was reading my father's 'New York Times.'"
"I was the child of refugees."
"People who come out of the liberal arts don't have an understanding of science and technology, and the people in science and technology have very little experience with liberal arts and the traditions of a liberal democracy."
"The first time cyber was even a panel discussion at the Munich Security Conference, which is - I mean, we've got hundreds of specialists there - was 2011. That's how long it took."
"The thing people forget is that the entire world - or, at least, Europe, U.S., transatlantic, Russia, Soviet Union - that security architecture has been in place since 1945 and has been refined. Already, the U.N. charter that everyone signed is that you can't change borders through use of force or even threat of use of force."
"The fake news is - I mean, as a tool of warfare - has been there for decades and decades and decades. It was never very well done until, really, the Ukraine, though I would say that the Russians used to complain about fake things to say the State Department."
"Sanctions work over time. They do work, but it takes years for them to have an effect."
"I knew who Bruce Springsteen was before he had his first record."
"That was something that shaped my thinking regarding Estonia: the idea that we should be getting our young people to work with computers."
"When our diplomats go abroad, they are surprised that they can't do the things that they can do here."
"The problem of online identity is expressed best in an old 'New Yorker' cartoon with a picture of a dog next to a computer, and the dog says, 'No one online knows you're a dog.'"
"I realised that if we were not in the E.U., there were people in the E.U. who were also members of NATO that would veto our joining NATO."
"In both Russia and the U.S., there are a very small number of very, very rich people, and then there are a lot of people who don't have anything. The less inequality you have in a society, the more social peace you have. It's kind of a no-brainer."
"Democracy is messy, clearly, but it has one key factor, which is an orderly transfer of power."
"Digital warfare, in the Clausewitz definition as 'the continuation of policy by other means,' reached Western public consciousness via my own country, Estonia, in 2007 when our governmental, banking, and news media servers were hit with 'distributed denial-of-service attacks,' which is when hackers overload servers until they shut down."
"In Germany, a country that for obvious reasons is far more attuned than most to the dangers of demagogy, populism, and nationalism, lawmakers have already proposed taking legal measures against fake news. When populist, nationalist fake news threatens the liberal democratic center, other Europeans may follow suit."
"Democracies stand on several key pillars: Free and fair elections, human rights, the rule of law, and a free untrammeled media. Until 2016, an open media was seen as a resilient democratic pillar that supported the others."
"Because of cyberattacks and fake news, we can already imagine the problem all democratic societies will face in future elections: how to limit lies when they threaten democracy?"
"It is hard to work with the nagging doubt that perhaps some foreign intelligence agency is reading all your correspondence, especially when you know they have done so in the past."
"Social media has become a primary factor in political campaigns."
"Fake news is cheap to produce. Genuine journalism is expensive."
"When hackers have access to powerful computers that use brute force hacking, they can crack almost any password; even one user with insecure access being successfully hacked can result in a major breach."
"Liberal democracies do not and often cannot respond in kind to cyberattacks on their own way of governance."
"Can the wider West establish a global 'cyber NATO?' It would be difficult, but so, too, was the founding of NATO itself, which was called into being only after successive communist coups in Eastern Europe."
